Guide · Employment & Work

Flexible working

Statutory flexible-working requests, consultation, refusal reasons, discrimination and reasonable-adjustment overlap, appeals and evidence.

Every employee has a statutory day-one right to request flexible working, but not an automatic right to the exact arrangement requested. The employer must handle a statutory request reasonably, consult unless accepting it in full and decide it within the statutory period.

Start with the factual problem, then identify the right, evidence, remedy and route. Similar workplace situations can use different legal tests.

Key points

  • Employees can make up to two statutory flexible-working requests in a 12-month period.
  • Only one statutory request can be live at a time.
  • The employer must normally consult before refusing and must decide the request, including any appeal, within two months unless an extension is agreed.
  • A refusal needs a genuine statutory business reason, but discrimination or reasonable-adjustment duties can impose separate obligations.

Who is responsible?

The employer remains responsible for complying with employment law and making fair decisions even where managers, HR, payroll, occupational health or external advisers administer part of the process.

Identify your employing entity and the actual decision-maker. If an agency, umbrella company or host business is involved, responsibility can differ by right and should be checked rather than assumed.

Making a statutory request

The request should be in writing, say it is statutory, identify the change, proposed start date and previous statutory requests. A clear business case and trial proposal can help, even though the employee no longer has to explain the effect on the business as a statutory requirement.

Consultation and alternatives

If the employer cannot accept the request in full, consultation should explore the concerns and possible alternatives rather than merely announce a refusal.

Business reasons

The statutory grounds include matters such as additional cost, inability to reorganise work or recruit staff, impact on quality/performance or customer demand. The employer should genuinely apply the ground to the facts.

Discrimination and adjustments

A request linked to disability may also be a reasonable-adjustment issue. Requests linked to sex or caring arrangements can also raise indirect-discrimination questions. The statutory flexible-working process does not replace those rights.

After a request is agreed

An accepted permanent flexible-working request will usually vary contractual terms. Confirm exactly what is changing and the start date. If the arrangement is intended to be temporary or a trial, record that explicitly so there is no later dispute about whether the change became permanent.

If the employer later wants to reverse an agreed permanent arrangement, that is normally a contract-change issue rather than simply another flexible-working decision.

Flexible working and discrimination are separate tests

A woman seeking changed hours for childcare may have an indirect sex-discrimination argument if a requirement creates group disadvantage and cannot be justified. A disabled employee may require a change as a reasonable adjustment. Those Equality Act routes are not limited to the statutory flexible-working grounds.

This means an employer should not assume that using one of the permitted flexible-working refusal reasons automatically disposes of every discrimination question. Identify which legal route you are using and what remedy you want under each.

The two-month decision period includes any appeal

The statutory maximum normally covers the whole decision process, including an appeal, unless employer and employee agree an extension. Keep the date the valid request was received and any agreed extension in writing.

If the employer allows the deadline to pass without agreement, ask for an immediate decision and preserve the chronology. A delay can matter in a statutory flexible-working claim even where the employer might ultimately have had a valid business reason to refuse.

A statutory request is a right to a fair decision, not an automatic yes

The law gives employees a structured right to request changes to hours, times or place of work. It does not guarantee the requested pattern. That makes the quality of the employer decision important: consultation, genuine consideration, accurate facts and a recognised business reason should connect to the actual proposal.

A refusal copied from a generic template can be challenged by asking what evidence shows the problem would arise in this role and whether a modified pattern, different days, a trial period or partial acceptance was considered.

What can you realistically ask for?

Match the requested outcome to the right involved. Some problems can be corrected internally; others have statutory pay, compensation or tribunal remedies.

  • Agreement to requested or alternative working pattern
  • Trial period
  • Reconsideration/appeal
  • Reasonable adjustment where Equality Act duty applies
  • Tribunal remedies for statutory flexible-working breaches or discrimination where applicable

Evidence worth keeping

Preserve the original record where possible. A short, dated evidence set is usually more useful than an unstructured dump of documents.

Written request
Previous requests
Consultation notes
Business reason given
Alternative proposals
Team rota/data
Adjustment/medical evidence
Decision and appeal

Common employer responses - and what they do not necessarily prove

Employer saysConsumerWise view
“Flexible working is only for parents or carers.”Wrong. Every employee has the statutory day-one right to request.
“We can refuse without speaking to you.”Unless the request is accepted in full, the statutory process requires consultation before decision.
“A statutory business reason makes the refusal automatically lawful.”The reason must be genuinely applied, and separate discrimination/adjustment duties can still matter.
“You only get one request a year.”The current statutory limit is two requests in a 12-month period.

What to say next

Write in issue-remedy form: identify the event, state the rule or evidence that matters, ask the employer to explain its position, and request a concrete outcome. Avoid burying the key point inside a long narrative.

Important overlaps and edge cases

  • Reasonable adjustments
  • Indirect sex discrimination/caring responsibilities
  • Contract changes after agreement
  • Family leave and return-to-work arrangements

Escalation and time limits

Internal procedures can be important, but they do not normally stop an employment tribunal time limit. As at 11 September 2026, most claims whose limitation period starts before 1 October 2026 still use the existing three-month-minus-one-day framework. For most relevant time limits starting on or after 1 October 2026, the period increases to six months minus one day.

Acas early conciliation can affect calculation of the deadline if Acas is notified in time. Some claims use different limits, and interim relief in qualifying dismissal cases can require action within only 7 days. Always check the specific claim rather than applying a general period mechanically.